The UN has designated 2025 the International Year of Quantum to honor the 100th anniversary of quantum mechanics. Yet, as we look back on a century of quantum, we must also look ahead and prepare for the unprecedented economic, social and policy transformations that the accelerating advance of quantum technologies will surely bring.

The question is no longer “if” or “when,” but “how” nations, industries and societies must ready themselves for this quantum future.

In Saudi Arabia, steps have been taken to harness the opportunities of quantum technologies — yet continued, coordinated efforts are needed to ensure the transformation is sustainable, responsible and equitable.

Quantum technology is already changing how we work, from expediting medical breakthroughs to enhancing cybersecurity. According to some predictions, it could potentially generate up to $1.3 trillion in economic value by 2035.

However, significant challenges remain, including security risks, high barriers to entry and regulatory uncertainty as governments navigate this complex, emerging field.

The quantum race has already begun. In the private sector, tech companies such as Nvidia, Google, Microsoft and Classiq are developing commercial solutions, while countries around the world are implementing national strategies.

The US has advanced with its National Quantum Initiative, committing more than $4.1 billion to research and innovation. China, with an estimated $15 billion in public funding, is prioritizing quantum communication and encryption, exemplified by its QUESS satellite. The EU’s $1.08 billion Quantum Flagship aims to build a secure quantum network across Europe, and the UK, with $4.2 billion in investments, is developing its own quantum ecosystem through dedicated research hubs.

Simply put, nations that act now will lead tomorrow. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for Saudi Arabia as it drives forward Vision 2030, which prioritizes technological innovation and strategic geopolitical leadership. Within the private sector, companies including Saudi Aramco and Pasqal are collaborating to deploy the country’s first quantum computer.

However, the wide-ranging potential of quantum technology demands cross-sector coordination between public and private actors, supported by effective awareness campaigns.

The Kingdom has taken major steps to accelerate its quantum ambitions, becoming the first nation to pilot the World Economic Forum’s Quantum Economy Blueprint.

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